INTEGRATION VIA MEGAPROJECTS

Evolution of Belt and Road Initiative In Southeast Asia

Rather than retreating in the face of criticism over debt distress and political backlash during the first decade of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has strategically adapted its BRI into a more disciplined, politically sensitive, and structurally embedded framework. Using Southeast Asian countries as a stress-test for this transformation, the article examines how Beijing has shifted from prioritising large-scale, highly visible infrastructure projects to advancing smaller-scale, modular, and technology-driven initiatives that emphasise strategic fit, phased financing, local partnerships, and deeper integration into domestic development agendas. In doing so, BRI 2.0 reflects a move from projecting scale and speed to cultivating functional indispensability - embedding Chinese SOEs and private firms, standards, and supply-chain linkages within host countries’ economies while recalibrating its narrative toward “high-quality cooperation,” sustainability, and co-construction.

 
Image name
INDIA’S TAIWAN CALCULUS WITHIN THE INDO-PACIFIC FRAMEWORK

India-Taiwan relations are evolving from cautious commercial ties into a structured partnership encompassing technology, labor mobility, education, and supply chains, expanding India’s strategic scope. By aligning India’s Act East Policy with Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy, India positions Taiwan as a key partner in industrial transformation and in mitigating geopolitical supply chain risks. Consequently, India’s Taiwan policy is increasingly shaped by technological security, supply chain resilience, and strategic considerations in the Indo-Pacific, rather than being solely influenced by China.

 
Image name
CHINA'S ANTI-CORRUPTION WORK IS SET TO GET EVEN MORE INTENSE

Reading the tea leaves after the CCDI’s Fifth Plenum

Anti-corruption has remained a top CCP priority for more than a decade, reflecting its central role in maintaining political security and shaping economic outcomes. The CCDI’s influence was underscored in 2025 by the promotion of its deputy secretary, Zhang Shengmin, to vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, alongside a record number of investigations into cadres. The recent surge in disciplinary activity signals significant institutional and political adjustments ahead. Interpreting these developments offers insight into how the CCP is regulating itself ahead of the 21st Party Congress in 2027 amid mounting domestic and global geopolitical turbulence.

 
Image name
READING POLICY SIGNALS FROM PROVINCIAL TWO SESSIONS

Decoding Local Government Work Reports

China’s provincial Government Work Reports (GWRs) for 2026 offer an early preview of national priorities under the 15th Five-Year Plan. They reflect strong top-down policy coordination, with consistent emphasis on Xi Jinping’s leadership, centralized planning, and political security. Provincial agendas closely align with directives from the Party Centre, signaling further consolidation of policy authority at the national level during the upcoming Two Sessions. Economically, most provinces have set modest GDP growth targets around 5%, with many lowering expectations to prioritize “high-quality development” over rapid expansion. Innovation, technological self-reliance, and R&D investment are central themes, particularly in artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, new energy, semiconductors, and other strategic emerging industries. At the same time, provinces are addressing structural risks, including local government debt, real estate instability, and demographic pressures. Consumption and domestic demand are highlighted as key growth drivers for 2026, alongside efforts to build a unified national market. Overall, the reports suggest that China’s 2026 policy agenda will prioritize technological upgrading, economic stability, risk control, and gradual transition toward new growth engines under a highly centralized governance framework.

 
Image name
WORK CONFERENCES IN CHINA

Governance, Policy Formulation, and Centralized Debate

Since 1949, work conferences have played a central role in shaping China’s national policy and governance under the CPC. Distinct from legislative sessions, they function as high-level forums for debate, policy review, and theoretical innovation, with outcomes later formalized through Party Plenums. Positioned between discussion and decision-making, these conferences allow the CPC to flexibly adjust policies and guide domestic and international governance.

 
Image name
ZERO DAY ATTACK- A WARNING SHOT FOR TAIWAN

Part 3: Love and War in the Tech Domain

This is the third of a six-part series analyzing the Taiwanese TV series ‘Zero Day Attack’ for the Organization for Research on China and Asia’s (ORCA) ‘Reviewing Chinese Culture’ segment.

 
Image name
सर्वे और मैपिंग डेटा सिक्योरिटी में छिपे खतरों को लेकर चीन की चिंता

घरेलू फ्रंट के बहाने ‘नेशनल सिक्योरिटी’ को लेकर चेतावनी

चीन अपनी भौगोलिक जानकारी की सुरक्षा को लेकर हमेशा से ही बेहद सतर्क रहा है। वह भौगोलिक डेटा सुरक्षा को राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा का मामला मानता है। इसीलिए चीन की मिनिस्ट्री ऑफ़ स्टेट सिक्योरिटी घरेलू फ्रंट के बहाने अपने पड़ोसियों के साथ-साथ अपने दूरगामी भूरणनैतिक मित्रों को बार-बार अपने सख्त कानून का हवाला देकर चेतावनी देती आई है।

 
Image name
INDIA'S SOFT PUSH FOR POWER IN SOUTH ASIA

Shaping a Favourable Tomorrow

The Special Issue “India’s Soft Push for Power in South Asia: Shaping A Favourable Tomorrow” was ideated keeping in mind the increasing need for Indian policymakers to mitigate challenges emerging against New Delhi’s South Asian policy. Through each chapter, contributed by emerging Indian scholars specializing in India’s neighborhood policy, the publications envisions new and existing strategies to effectively leverage India’s soft power appeal in South Asia. 

 
Image name

Publications

Ranging from op-eds to issue briefs, special reports and more by our Community of senior and junior Scholars

Daily CiCM Newsletters

Subscribers every evening receive crisp insights divided into sections: China’s social media, regional news and an India Watch

Countries Reached

Within an year of inception, ORCA began being accessed and read across continents with consistent readership that has only grown over time

China's Provinces at a glance

Made with the intention of furthering our audience's knowledge, our interactive map will tell you some interesting facts about each province in China.

Autonomous Regions Provinces Municipalities

Latest Publications

Image name
Issue Brief

READING POLICY SIGNALS FROM PROVINCIAL TWO SESSIONS


Image name
Reviewing Chinese Culture

ZERO DAY ATTACK- A WARNING SHOT FOR TAIWAN


Image name
Backgrounders

WORK CONFERENCES IN CHINA


Image name
Opinion Pieces

INTEGRATION VIA MEGAPROJECTS


Write for Write for

ORCA ! ORCA !

Join us in advancing knowledge and fostering meaningful discussions on China and Asia! Check out ORCA's submission guidelines and send us your work.

Get Started

Subscribe now to our newsletter !

Get a daily dose of local and national news from China, top trends in Chinese social media and what it means for India and the region at large.

Please enter your name.
Looks good.
Please enter a valid email address.
Looks good.
Please accept the terms to continue.